How High The Moon (A.Kroll)

"How High The Moon," composed by Morgan Lewis with lyrics by Nancy Hamilton, first captivated audiences in the 1940 Broadway revue *Two for the Show*. This era, characterized by the burgeoning big band sound and the sophisticated melodies of Tin Pan Alley, saw the tune quickly become a standard, initially gaining traction with a hit recording by Benny Goodman and His Orchestra in 1940. However, its harmonic richness truly cemented its place in jazz history, making it a favorite for improvisation and a foundational piece for the emerging bebop movement. Charlie Parker famously used its chord changes to compose "Ornithology," and Ella Fitzgerald's iconic 1960 recording from *Ella in Berlin* further solidified its status as a jazz essential. The song's enduring appeal lies in its sophisticated harmonic progression, which, despite its original conception as a slow ballad, lends itself perfectly to energetic, up-tempo interpretations. This A.Kroll arrangement reimagines "How High The Moon" as a vibrant, up-tempo swing chart, set predominantly in the key of G major, capturing the exhilaration and harmonic complexity that made the tune a bebop anthem. The musical character is one of high energy and intricate interplay, designed to evoke a sense of joyous, driving momentum. Kroll's signature approach to big band arranging is evident in the meticulously crafted voicings, which provide a full, resonant sound while maintaining clarity across the ensemble. Expect sophisticated brass shouts that punctuate the driving rhythm section, and tightly woven saxophone soli sections that showcase the section's precision and blend. The arrangement features dynamic contrasts, building from a nuanced initial statement to a powerful, full-ensemble shout chorus that delivers an electrifying climax. A.Kroll's distinctive treatment of this jazz standard includes several compelling features. The arrangement opens with a clever reharmonization of the melody, offering a fresh perspective while honoring the original's harmonic integrity. It strategically incorporates extended harmonies and subtle modulations that keep both performers and listeners engaged, reflecting Kroll's deep understanding of jazz theory and big band tradition. The melody is expertly distributed, initially carried by the lead alto saxophone with lush backing, before transitioning to a full ensemble statement. Featured solo opportunities are provided for both alto saxophone and trumpet, allowing for individual expression within the structured framework. These solos are strategically placed to build tension and provide improvisational freedom over the classic chord changes. Performing this arrangement is a rewarding experience for a dedicated big band. While demanding in its precision and dynamic control, the technical challenges are well within the grasp of advanced high school, college, community, and professional ensembles. The fast tempo and intricate ensemble passages require strong sight-reading skills and a cohesive rhythm section. The rewarding aspect lies in the opportunity to perform a timeless jazz standard with a fresh, authoritative voice, showcasing the band's collective musicianship and individual improvisational prowess. The arrangement's vibrant energy and sophisticated musicality make it a standout piece for any concert program, leaving audiences with a profound appreciation for both the classic tune and the arranger's artistry. Conductors should establish a brisk, driving up-tempo swing feel from the outset, around quarter note = 220-240 BPM, ensuring a consistent pulse throughout. The primary technical challenge lies in the precision required for the fast-moving saxophone soli passages and the articulate brass figures. Encourage saxophonists to practice these sections slowly and meticulously to achieve rhythmic accuracy and a unified sound. Brass players should focus on clean attacks and releases, particularly in the shout choruses, utilizing short, crisp articulations. Dynamic contrast is crucial; emphasize the nuanced soft sections to make the powerful fortissimo moments truly impactful. Rehearsal should prioritize rhythmic tightness in the rhythm section, ensuring a locked-in groove that supports the entire ensemble. Pay close attention to balance, especially in the layered voicings, to allow all harmonic elements to speak clearly. Special techniques include subtle falls and scoops in the brass, used sparingly for stylistic effect, and a strong, sustained plunger mute technique for the trumpet solo if indicated. Q: What instruments are included in this arrangement? A: This big band arrangement includes parts for 17 instruments: Alto Saxophone 1, Alto Saxophone 3, Tenor Saxophone 2, Tenor Saxophone 4, Baritone Saxophone, 4 Trumpets, 4 Trombones, Piano, Bass, Drums, and Guitar. Q: What is the difficulty level of this arrangement? A: This arrangement is suitable for advanced high school, college, community, and professional big bands, rated as a medium-advanced difficulty due to its up-tempo swing feel, intricate ensemble passages, and demanding solo sections. Q: What is the musical style and historical context of "How High The Moon"? A: "How High The Moon" is a jazz standard originating from the 1940 Broadway revue *Two for the Show*. It is known for its sophisticated harmonic progression, which became a cornerstone for the bebop movement, and is typically performed as an energetic, up-tempo swing. Q: What makes A.Kroll's arrangement unique? A: A.Kroll's arrangement features sophisticated voicings, dynamic brass shout choruses, and intricate saxophone soli sections, alongside reharmonization and extended harmonies that offer a fresh, high-energy interpretation of this classic jazz standard. Q: What is the recommended performance duration or tempo for this piece? A: This arrangement is designed for an up-tempo swing feel, ideally performed at approximately quarter note = 220-240 BPM, resulting in a performance duration typically between 4 to 6 minutes depending on the length of improvised solos.